Effect of Repression on Social Cohesion: Evidence from the 1936-1939 Palestinian Revolt

Richard McAlexander, University of Pennsylvania
Daniel Arnon, University of Arizona
Michael Rubin, University of Connecticut

Under what conditions does state repression exacerbate, and under what conditions does it reduce, social conflict? Repression clearly severs social ties and, by threatening physical and economic security, may erode social trust and lead to communal conflict. However, repression also appears to promote pro-social behavior and cooperation, even galvanizing collective efforts to resist perpetrators in some cases. Existing research confirms pro-social effects in within-group interactions, but lacks evidence regarding the impact on out-group interactions. This article explores the consequences of repression exposure for community social conflict in the form of inter-clan relations. We argue that repression increases the likelihood of communal conflict between clans in its aftermath. The argument is tested empirically in the context of Mandate Palestine. We draw upon detailed historical records of the British colonial authorities’ repression during the Arab Revolt (1936-1939) and archival records recording clan social and political relations, including the presence of rivalries and “blood feuds” in the post-Revolt era. Quantitative analysis at the village level alongside in-depth investigation of select village histories provide evidence in support of the argument.

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 Presented in Session 87. Colonial imperialism, exploitation